How to become professional hacker ?
How to become professional hacker ?
Hackers have a reputation for being highly intelligent individuals and prodigious in many ways. It can therefore seem to be an overwhelming and uphill task to start from scratch and reach any level of practical proficiency. One must remember that everyone must start somewhere when learning a subject or skill. With dedication and perseverance, it is possible to go as far in the world of hacking as your will can take you. One thing that will help in the process of becoming a hacker is to set some goals. Ask yourself why you want to learn hacking and what you intend to accomplish. Some just want to learn the basics so they can understand how to protect themselves, their family, or their business from malicious attacks. Others are looking to set themselves up for a career in white-hat hacking or information security. Whatever your reasons, you should prepare to learn quite a bit of new knowledge and skills.
Learning
The most important weapon in a hacker's aresenal is knowledge. Nor only is it important for a hacker to learn as much as possible about computers, networks and software - but in order to stay competitive and effective they must stay up to date on the constant and rapid changes in computers and computer security. It is not necessary for a hacker to be an engineer, computer scientist, or to have intimate knowledge of microprocessor or computer hardware design, but they should understand how a computer works, the chief components and how they interact, how computers are networked both locally and through the internet, how users typically interact with their machines, and - most importantly - how software dictates computer function. An excellent hacker is fluent and practiced in several computer languages and understands the major operating systems. In is also very useful for a hacker to be familiar with the history, mathematics, and practice of cryptography. It is possible, and increasingly common, for a layperson with little hacking experience and only slight or intermediate knowledge about programming to conduct an attack against a system. People often do this using scripts and following procedures that were developed by more experienced operators. This happens most commonly with simpler types of attacks, like denial of service. These inexperienced hackers are known in the hacking community as script kiddies. The problem with this type of activity is that the perpetrators have little appreciation for what’s going on in the code they are running, and may not be able to anticipate side effects or other unintended consequences. It is best to fully understand what you are doing before attempting an attack.
Computers vary in size, shape, and purpose, but most of them essentially have the same design. A good hacker should study how computers evolved from the earliest machines in the 20th century to the vastly more sophisticated machines that we use today. In the process, it becomes evident that computers have the same basic components. To be an effective hacker, you should know the different types of processors that exist on the majority of modern computers. For instance, the three largest microprocessor manufacturers are Intel, American Micro Devices (AMD), and Motorola. These processors comprise most of the personal computer that a hacker will encounter, but each has their own unique instructions set. Although most hackers rarely have to deal with programming languages on the machine level, more sophisticated attacks may require an understanding of the differences between processor instruction sets. Some processors are programmable by the end user. These are known as Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and are being used more and more often for embedded systems, particularly in industrial controls. Hackers have been known to gain access to these chips while they are in production in order to deploy malicious software at the final destination. An understanding of FPGA architecture and programming is necessary for these types of sophisticated attacks. These embedded attacks are particularly concerning to military and industrial customers that purchase chips on a large scale for critical systems.
One of the most important subjects for the aspiring hacker to study is that of network architecture and protocols. Computers can be networked in many different configurations and sizes, and with different technology that given their interconnection. From copper wire, to fiber optics, to wireless and satellite connections, as well as combinations of all of these media, we have built a vast network of computers across the globe. This network can be understood in its entirety on a large scale as well as viewed as a connection of smaller self-contained networks. In terms of size, computer networks have been traditionally categorized as Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wide Area Networks (WAN). WANs typically connect multiple LANs. There are multiple other designations for different sizes of networks, and the terminology is always changing as new technologies and conductivities develop. Keeping up with these changes is one of the ongoing tasks of a hacker. Networks also have different architectures. The architecture is determined not only by the configuration of the different nodes but also on the medium that connects them. Originally, networked computers were always connected by copper wire. Commonly used copper network cables, often known as Ethernet cables, consists of twisted pairs of copper wire. Although most common of these cables is the category five, or CAT-5, cable, it is beginning to give way to a new standard, CAT-6, which has a greater capacity for transmission of signals. For very high speed applications and longer distances, fiber-optic cables are usually chosen. Fiber optics use light instead of electricity and have a very high capacity for carrying information. They are used to carry most modern cable television and high speed internet services. Fiber optics serve as the backbone for the internet. Within smaller areas, wireless networks are very common. Using a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) protocol, wireless networks exist in a large number of personal, private, and commercial LANs. Hackers are often particularly interested in hacking into Wi-Fi networks, resulting in the evolution of Wi-Fi security standards. Regardless of the architecture or medium of transmission, when two terminals are communicating across a network they must do so using a common set of rules known as a protocol. Networking protocols have evolved since the first computer networks were created, but they have retained the same basic layered approach. In general, a network is conceptualized in terms of different layers that perform different functions. This is also known as a stack. The most common communication protocols used today are the Internet Protocol (IP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Taken together, these are commonly known as TCP/IP. These protocols change and are standardized on occasion. It is critical for the hacker to learn these protocols and how they relate to communication between the different layers of the stack. This is how hackers can gain higher and higher levels of access to a system.
It may seem daunting to learn a programming language from scratch having never done it before, but many people find that once they become proficient at one programming language, it is much easier and faster to learn others. Hackers not only have to understand programming languages to be able to exploit software vulnerabilities, but many hackers need to write their own code to be able to execute a particular attack. Reading, understanding, and writing code is fundamental to hacking. Programming languages range from very obscure machine code, which is in binary and hexadecimal format and is used to communicate directly with a processor, to high-level object-oriented languages that are used for software development. Common high-level object-oriented languages are C++ and Java. The code written in high-level languages is compiled into the appropriate machine code for a particular processor, which makes high-level languages very portable between different types of machines. Another category is a scripted language, where commands are executed line-by-line instead of being compiled into machine code. Learning programming languages takes time and practice - there is no other way to become proficient. Long evenings and overnight marathons of writing, debugging, and recompiling code are a common rite-of-passage among beginning hackers.
Computers and Processors
Computers vary in size, shape, and purpose, but most of them essentially have the same design. A good hacker should study how computers evolved from the earliest machines in the 20th century to the vastly more sophisticated machines that we use today. In the process, it becomes evident that computers have the same basic components. To be an effective hacker, you should know the different types of processors that exist on the majority of modern computers. For instance, the three largest microprocessor manufacturers are Intel, American Micro Devices (AMD), and Motorola. These processors comprise most of the personal computer that a hacker will encounter, but each has their own unique instructions set. Although most hackers rarely have to deal with programming languages on the machine level, more sophisticated attacks may require an understanding of the differences between processor instruction sets. Some processors are programmable by the end user. These are known as Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and are being used more and more often for embedded systems, particularly in industrial controls. Hackers have been known to gain access to these chips while they are in production in order to deploy malicious software at the final destination. An understanding of FPGA architecture and programming is necessary for these types of sophisticated attacks. These embedded attacks are particularly concerning to military and industrial customers that purchase chips on a large scale for critical systems.
Networking and Protocols
One of the most important subjects for the aspiring hacker to study is that of network architecture and protocols. Computers can be networked in many different configurations and sizes, and with different technology that given their interconnection. From copper wire, to fiber optics, to wireless and satellite connections, as well as combinations of all of these media, we have built a vast network of computers across the globe. This network can be understood in its entirety on a large scale as well as viewed as a connection of smaller self-contained networks. In terms of size, computer networks have been traditionally categorized as Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wide Area Networks (WAN). WANs typically connect multiple LANs. There are multiple other designations for different sizes of networks, and the terminology is always changing as new technologies and conductivities develop. Keeping up with these changes is one of the ongoing tasks of a hacker. Networks also have different architectures. The architecture is determined not only by the configuration of the different nodes but also on the medium that connects them. Originally, networked computers were always connected by copper wire. Commonly used copper network cables, often known as Ethernet cables, consists of twisted pairs of copper wire. Although most common of these cables is the category five, or CAT-5, cable, it is beginning to give way to a new standard, CAT-6, which has a greater capacity for transmission of signals. For very high speed applications and longer distances, fiber-optic cables are usually chosen. Fiber optics use light instead of electricity and have a very high capacity for carrying information. They are used to carry most modern cable television and high speed internet services. Fiber optics serve as the backbone for the internet. Within smaller areas, wireless networks are very common. Using a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) protocol, wireless networks exist in a large number of personal, private, and commercial LANs. Hackers are often particularly interested in hacking into Wi-Fi networks, resulting in the evolution of Wi-Fi security standards. Regardless of the architecture or medium of transmission, when two terminals are communicating across a network they must do so using a common set of rules known as a protocol. Networking protocols have evolved since the first computer networks were created, but they have retained the same basic layered approach. In general, a network is conceptualized in terms of different layers that perform different functions. This is also known as a stack. The most common communication protocols used today are the Internet Protocol (IP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Taken together, these are commonly known as TCP/IP. These protocols change and are standardized on occasion. It is critical for the hacker to learn these protocols and how they relate to communication between the different layers of the stack. This is how hackers can gain higher and higher levels of access to a system.
Programming Languages
It may seem daunting to learn a programming language from scratch having never done it before, but many people find that once they become proficient at one programming language, it is much easier and faster to learn others. Hackers not only have to understand programming languages to be able to exploit software vulnerabilities, but many hackers need to write their own code to be able to execute a particular attack. Reading, understanding, and writing code is fundamental to hacking. Programming languages range from very obscure machine code, which is in binary and hexadecimal format and is used to communicate directly with a processor, to high-level object-oriented languages that are used for software development. Common high-level object-oriented languages are C++ and Java. The code written in high-level languages is compiled into the appropriate machine code for a particular processor, which makes high-level languages very portable between different types of machines. Another category is a scripted language, where commands are executed line-by-line instead of being compiled into machine code. Learning programming languages takes time and practice - there is no other way to become proficient. Long evenings and overnight marathons of writing, debugging, and recompiling code are a common rite-of-passage among beginning hackers.
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